Skip to content
Join today

What works (and what doesn't) in the stock market.

A synthesis of what 150 years of market history actually teach us. Drawn from 18 research papers, condensed into five principles and 24 production algos.

18
Research papers
150
Years of market data
09
Years of compilation

Updated May 2026  ·  ~24 min read

What the research compounds to.
Cumulative return, 2000 to 2025
+1,290%ProRealAlgos
+620%S&P 500
Research and backtested results. Past performance is not indicative of future results.
Abstract The study in one paragraph.

Most retail strategies start with a hunch. This study started with the data: roughly 150 years of market history, 18 research papers, and nine years spent compiling them into something tradeable. The conclusion is not a single magic signal. It is a small set of principles about risk, simplicity, and execution that survive across every market regime we tested, and a refusal to ship anything that violates them.

Nine years ago the question was simple, and a little uncomfortable: after a century and a half of price data, how much of what retail traders believe actually holds up? Not in a single backtest tuned to look good, but across booms, crashes, inflation, deflation, and the long flat stretches where nothing happens and most edges quietly die.

Most of it did not hold up. The indicator stacks, the “secret” setups, the systems that look perfect in a screenshot: run them on data they were not built on and they stop working. What was left was a short list. Boring, repeatable, and durable if you have the discipline to keep trading it.

The edges that survive are few, simple, and mostly about risk.
RP-18 · What 150 Years Say About What Doesn't Work

Everything that follows is built on that one observation. Five principles came out of the research. Each is traceable back to the papers that produced it, and each is enforced, not aspirational, in the algos we run.

The study

Read what 150 years of market data actually teaches us.

The latest version of the full study that ProRealAlgos is built upon. Then, when you are ready, the waitlist.

Research and backtested results. Past performance is not indicative of future results. Trading involves risk of loss.

The archive

The 18 papers behind the study.

Showing 18 of 18 papers
RP-01

The Best Days Myth

Why the 'miss the ten best days' argument quietly misleads, and what the full return distribution actually shows.

Market Structure · 2018
RP-02

The Anatomy of a Bear Market

What bear markets across 150 years share, where they differ, and how they tend to end.

Market Structure · 2018
RP-03

Inflation Regimes and Asset Returns

How stocks, bonds, and commodities behave across the inflation regimes markets keep cycling through.

Market Structure · 2019
RP-04

The Moving-Average Filter, Re-examined

Whether a simple moving-average filter still adds anything once trading costs are counted.

Strategy Design · 2019
RP-05

Decomposing the Equity Risk Premium

Splitting long-run equity returns into the parts that persist and the parts that do not.

Market Structure · 2020
RP-06

Dollar-Cost Averaging vs Lump Sum

When averaging in beats deploying all at once, and when it just quietly costs you return.

Risk · 2020
RP-07

Trend Following Across a Century

How a simple trend rule holds up across 150 years and every regime in between.

Strategy Design · 2020
RP-08

Return Concentration: Do Stocks Beat Cash?

Most stocks underperform Treasury bills. A handful carry the entire market.

Market Structure · 2021
RP-09

Carry as a Cross-Asset Strategy

Where the carry trade pays, where it turns on you, and what it really costs to hold.

Strategy Design · 2021
RP-10

The 60/40 Portfolio: A Verdict

Whether the classic balanced portfolio still earns its keep after the 2022 stress test.

Risk · 2022
RP-11

Is Gold Actually a Hedge?

Testing gold's reputation against inflation, drawdowns, and currency debasement.

Market Structure · 2022
RP-12

CAPE and the Limits of Valuation Timing

How much valuation signals like CAPE really tell you about the next decade of returns.

Methodology · 2022
RP-13

A Survivorship-Bias Audit

What re-running the classics with dead and delisted names does to their published results.

Methodology · 2023
RP-14

When Manual Overrides Underperform

What happens to returns every time the operator steps in to 'help' the system.

Behavioral · 2023
RP-15

Position Sizing and Long-Run Return

How much you bet explains more of your equity curve than what you bet on.

Risk · 2024
RP-16

Drawdowns and the Abandonment Point

Systems rarely die from low returns, they die from drawdowns nobody can sit through.

Risk · 2024
RP-17

Knowledge Transfer and the Onboarding Problem

Why handing a working system to a new trader is where most of the risk actually lives.

Behavioral · 2025
RP-18

Implementation Shortfall: The Hidden Cost

What slippage, latency, and hesitation quietly remove from a live strategy.

Execution · 2025
No papers in this category.
What we concluded

Five principles, distilled.

01

Risk management is the strategy.

Sizing and drawdown limits decide outcomes, not signals.

02

Complexity is usually compensation.

Fourteen indicators often hide that none of them work.

03

Automatic execution removes ego.

Take the operator's psychology out of the loop entirely.

04

Onboarding one trader at a time.

Personal handover, because capacity sets the pace.

05

If we don't run it, we don't sell it.

Every algo runs on the founder's own capital, live.